To understand Barack Obama’s Afghanistan decision, it’s instructive to go back to one history-shifting sentence, uttered by his predecessor more than eight years ago. It was Sept. 20, 2001. The nation was in agony, and George W. Bush stood before a joint session of Congress, telling Americans where to direct their rage. “Americans are asking, ‘Who attacked our country?'” Bush declared early in his remarks. “The evidence we have gathered all points to a collection of loosely affiliated terrorist organizations known as al-Qaeda.”
Had Bush stopped there, everything would be different today. But a few minutes later, he made this fateful pivot: “Our war on terror begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there.” After that, Bush mentioned terror, terrorists or terrorism 18 times more. But he didn’t mention al-Qaeda again. When he returned to Congress a few months later for his January 2002 State of the Union address, he cited Hamas, Hizballah, Islamic Jihad, North Korea, Iran and Iraq and employed variations of the word terror 34 times. But he mentioned al-Qaeda only once.
For Obama, this is the original sin whose consequences must now be repaired. His foreign policy in the greater Middle East amounts to an elaborate effort to peel back eight years of onion in hopes of finding the war on terrorism’s lost inner core: the struggle against al-Qaeda and al-Qaeda alone. That’s the subtext underlying his new Afghan strategy. He’s raising troop levels, but less to vanquish the Taliban than to gain the leverage to effectively negotiate with them — in hopes of isolating alQaeda from its Afghan allies. He’s boosting America’s means but narrowing its ends. The same logic underlies his outreach to Iran and Syria and his rhetoric about groups like Hizballah and Hamas. Obama’s not trying to end the war on terrorism, but he is trying to downsize it — so that it doesn’t overwhelm the U.S.’s capacities and crowd out his other priorities.
